Transport Across Membranes

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A

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A

par همسه سامر عبد المجيد ابو خرمه _, Saturday 19 February 2022, 14:32

Aquaporins (AQP) are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane.They are conserved in bacteria, plants, and animals.

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ABC Type of ATPase

par منى امين سعد الدين صدر _, Saturday 12 March 2022, 07:22

The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system,ABC transporters often consist of multiple subunits, one or two of which are transmembrane proteins and one or two of which are membrane-associated AAA ATPases
transporters are also involved in multiple drug resistance, and this is how some of them were first identified. When the ABC transport proteins are overexpressed in cancer cells, they can export anticancer drugs and render tumors resistant

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alternating conformation model

par حلا خالد محمود صالح _, Sunday 20 February 2022, 12:31

states that a carrier protein is allosteric protein and alternates between two conformational states

B

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Bacteriorhodopsin

par بيسان عبدالحميد مصطفى ولد علي _, Saturday 19 February 2022, 10:33

Bacteriorhodopsin is a proton pump found in Archaea, it takes light energy (photons of light) and coverts it into chemical energy, ATP, by creating electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP by an ATP synthase, then ATP can be used by the cell for cellular functions. Bacteriorhodopsin forms chains in a cylindrical shape(each subunit consist of seven alpha-helical membrane spanning segments ), which contain retinal molecule which is a light- absorbing pigment(chromophore) that is related to vitamin A .

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Bacteriorhodopsin structure

par منى امين سعد الدين صدر _, Saturday 12 March 2022, 07:09

Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein used by Archaea, the most notable one being Halobacteria. It acts as a proton pump; that is, it captures light energy and uses it to move protons across the membrane out of the cell

It consists of seven transmembrane helices surrounding the chromophore, retinal. Halorhodopsin is a second member of the same family of membrane proteins, both of them from the cell membrane of halobacteria.

C

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Carrier protien

par شروق عمر محمد شحادة _, Friday 18 February 2022, 14:05

a carrier protein is a type of protein that transports a specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, that is less selective in transporting molecules.they are located in lipid bilayers cell structures, such as cell membranes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

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Cystic fibrosis

par اسماء عمار معروف ابو صنوبر _, Sunday 20 February 2022, 17:52

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many of the body's organs. The disorder's most common signs and symptoms include progressive damage to the respiratory system and chronic digestive system problems. The features of the disorder and their severity varies among affected individuals. No one

D

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Direct Active Transport

par لمى حسني محمود شحاده _, Tuesday 22 February 2022, 17:41

In cellular biology active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient .Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement .There are two types of active transport: praimary active transport that uses adonosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient

F

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F

par دعاء عبد الكريم محمد ابو ربيع _, Tuesday 22 February 2022, 18:47

F-type ATP ases : in this case ATP is synthasized , driven by exergonic flow of protons down their gradients so it’s also called “ATP synthases”, and it’s found in bacteria ,mitocjondria,and chloroplasts.

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Facilitated diffusion

par وفاء محمد عوض حنني _, Sunday 13 February 2022, 18:53

Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that does not require the use of external energy. The action of facilitated diffusion is spontaneous, in facilitated diffusion, molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of transmembrane proteins, such as channels and transporters, for example facilitated diffusion, transporting glucose and amino acids from the bloodstream into the cell.

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