Transport Across Membranes
Special | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL
A |
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| ه_ | A | |||
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Aquaporins (AQP) are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane.They are conserved in bacteria, plants, and animals. | ||||
| م_ | ABC Type of ATPase | ||
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The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system,ABC transporters often consist of multiple subunits, one or two of which are transmembrane proteins and one or two of which are membrane-associated AAA ATPases transporters are also involved in multiple drug resistance, and this is how some of them were first identified. When the ABC transport proteins are overexpressed in cancer cells, they can export anticancer drugs and render tumors resistant | |||
| ح_ | alternating conformation model | ||
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states that a carrier protein is allosteric protein and alternates between two conformational states | |||
B |
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| ب_ | Bacteriorhodopsin | ||
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Bacteriorhodopsin is a proton pump found in Archaea, it takes light energy (photons of light) and coverts it into chemical energy, ATP, by creating electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP by an ATP synthase, then ATP can be used by the cell for cellular functions. Bacteriorhodopsin forms chains in a cylindrical shape(each subunit consist of seven alpha-helical membrane spanning segments ), which contain retinal molecule which is a light- absorbing pigment(chromophore) that is related to vitamin A . | |||
| م_ | Bacteriorhodopsin structure | ||
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It consists of seven transmembrane helices surrounding the chromophore, retinal. Halorhodopsin is a second member of the same family of membrane proteins, both of them from the cell membrane of halobacteria.
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Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein used by Archaea, the most notable one being Halobacteria. It acts as a proton pump; that is, it captures light energy and uses it to move protons across the membrane out of the cell
C |
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| ش_ | Carrier protien | ||
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a carrier protein is a type of protein that transports a specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, that is less selective in transporting molecules.they are located in lipid bilayers cell structures, such as cell membranes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. | |||
| ا_ | Cystic fibrosis | ||
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Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many of the body's organs. The disorder's most common signs and symptoms include progressive damage to the respiratory system and chronic digestive system problems. The features of the disorder and their severity varies among affected individuals. | |||
D |
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| ل_ | Direct Active Transport | ||
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In cellular biology active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient .Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement .There are two types of active transport: praimary active transport that uses adonosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient | |||
F |
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| د_ | F | |||
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F-type ATP ases : in this case ATP is synthasized , driven by exergonic flow of protons down their gradients so it’s also called “ATP synthases”, and it’s found in bacteria ,mitocjondria,and chloroplasts. | ||||
