1.Explain why a hierarchy of authority emerges in an organization and the process of vertical differentiation
2.Discuss the issues involved in designing a hierarchy to coordinate and motivate organizational behavior most effectively السلطة - التحفيز
3.Discuss the way in which the design challenges discussed in Chapter 4 provide methods of control that substitute for the direct, personal control that managers provide and affect the design of the organizational hierarchy
4.Appreciate the principles of bureaucratic structure and explain their implications for the design of effective organizational hierarchies
5.Explain why organizations are flattening their hierarchies and making more use of empowered teams of employees, both inside and across different functions