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  • Assignment 2024

  • Topic 4

    Wireless Environment

    • Introduction

      This chapter introduces only those fundamental aspects of wireless transmission which are necessary to understand the problems of higher layers and the complexity needed to handle transmission impairments While transmission over different wires typically does not cause interference, this is an important topic in wireless transmission. The frequencies used for transmission are all regulated. The first section gives a general overview of these frequencies. The following sections recall some basic facts about signals, antennas, and signal propagation. The varying propagation characteristics create particular complications for radio transmission, frequently causing transmission errors.

       

      Objectives

      At the end of this chapter students will be able to:

      • Understand the fundamentals associated with Line of sight and Non-line of sight propagation.
      • Define the key sources of propagation effects both at the large‐ and small‐scales
      • Understand the key effects of the channel on mobile communications

    • Plan:

      First:Study the following file.
    • resource icon
      File
      Introduction to Wireless Environment_2020 File

    • Second:After complete the following animation you will be able to understand the basic concepts behind wireless communications. and understand the nature of Radio Waves

    • resource icon
      File
      Wireless Environment File
    • Third: See the following video: Modeling Uncertainty in an Indoor Environment Using Wireless In Site and then discuss the concept of Radio indoor and outdoor planning through forum 1: Wireless environment

    • forum icon
      Forum
      Forum 1: Wireless environment
    • Fourth: Solve the following Homework (Wireless Environment)
    • assign icon
      Assignment
      Assignment # 1 : Wireless Environment
    • resource icon
      File
      Chapter 1_Introduction to Wireless Environment_2022_V2 File

  • Topic 5

    Cellular Concept

    • Introduction

      The cellular concept was a major breakthrough in solving the problem of spectral congestion and user capacity. It offered very high capacity in a limited spectrum allocation without any major technological changes.The cellular concept has three system level ideas, first replacing a single, high power transmitter with many low power transmitters, each providing coverage to only a small area. Second neighboring cells are assigned different groups of channels in order to minimize interference. Finally the same set of channels is then reused at different geographical locations. When designing a cellular mobile communication system, it is important to provide good coverage and services in a high user-density area. Reuse can be done once the total interference from all users in the cells using the same frequency (co-channel cell) for transmission suffers from sufficient attenuation. Factors need to be considered include: Geographical separation (path loss) and Shadowing effect

       

      Objectives

       At the end of this chapter students will be able to:

      • Develop a relationship between reuse ratio and cluster size or reuse factor for hexagonal cell geometry,
      • Study co-channel interference, Adjacent Channel Interference and Handoff Strategies
      • Study Dwell Time, Trunking and Grade of Service (GoS) and Traffic Intensity
       

    • Plan:

      First:Study the following file.
    • resource icon
      File
      Cellular Concept 2nd Chapter File

    • Second:On completion of the following tutorial you will be able to, understand the interference ratio and identify the interference sources ,understand the effect of frequency and distance on a radio link, understand the importance of the fading margin and understand the constrains frequency planning puts on system design.

    • resource icon
      File
      Cellular Concept File
    • Third: After studying the previous topic solve the following Homeworks about (Cellular Concept)
    • assign icon
      Assignment
      Assignment # 2: Cells in mobile communication
    • assign icon
      Assignment
      Assignment # 3: Cellular system- case study

    • Forth: Discuss in forum 2 the Site and channel quality indicator (CQI)  are terms practically used in cellular frequency planning, Why?

    • forum icon
      Forum
      Forum 2: Technical terms
    • resource icon
      File
      Example File
    • resource icon
      File
      Example2 File
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 17/2/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 21/2/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 24/2/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 28/2/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 3/3/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 7/3/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 10/3/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 14/3/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 17/3/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 21/3/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 24/3/2021 URL

  • Topic 6

    Multiple Access Schemes

    • Introduction:

      Multiplexing deals with the division of the resources to create multiple channels. Multiplexing can create channels in space, frequency, time and code., and the corresponding terms are then space division multiplexing (SDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM). Since the amount of spectrum available is limited,We need to find ways to allow multiple users to share the available spectrum simultaneously.Shared access is used to implement a multiple access scheme when access by many users to a channel is required.Multiple access schemes allow many users to share the radio spectrum. Sharing the bandwidth efficiently  among users is one of the main objectives of multiple access schemes

       

      Objectives

       At the end of this chapter students will be able to:

      • Focus on the reservation-based multiple access schemes including narrowband channelized and wideband nonchannelized systems for wireless communications
      • Discuss multiplexing technologies — FDM, TDM, and CDM.
      • Examine Spread spectrum technology the CDMA system

    • Plan:

      First:Study the following file.
    • resource icon
      File
      Multiplexing_3rd_Chapter_Rev File

    • Second:On completion of the following tutorial you will be able to, describe different modulation schemes and their applications 

       

    • resource icon
      File
      Modulation Schemes File

    • Please watch the following videos carefully regarding Multiple Access Techniques

    • MULTIPLE ACCESS - FDMA/TDMA/CDMA/OFDMA

    • Multiple access

    • FDMA

    • TDMA

    • CDMA

    • url icon
      URL
      Lecture 28/3/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      31/3/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      7/4/2021 URL

  • First Exam

  • Topic 8

    Please submit your course project proposal here by 17/4/2022

  • Topic 9

    Access Methods and Spectral Efficiency

    • Introduction:

      Codes with certain characteristics can be applied to the transmission to enable the use of code division multiplexing (CDM). Code division multiple access (CDMA) systems use exactly these codes to separate different users in code space and to enable access to a shared medium without interference. The main problem is how to find “good” codes and how to separate the signal from noise generated by other signals and the environment. Chapter 3 demonstrated how the codes for spreading a signal (e.g., using DSSS) could be used.

       

      Objectives

        At the end of this chapter students will be able to:

      • Understand CDMA and how it can be designed
      • Examine FDMA and TDMA from a capacity, performance, and spectral efficiency viewpoint.

    • Plan:

      First:Study the following file.
    • resource icon
      File
      Spectral Efficiency 4th Chapter File

    • Second :On completion of the following tutorial you will be able to define CDMA , outline the number of spread spectrum techniques, outline briefly how voice coding and power control is defined.

    • resource icon
      File
      CDMAOne Fundamentals File

  • Topic 10

    Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)

    • Introduction:

      GSM is the most successful digital mobile telecommunication system in the world today. It is used by over 800 million people in more than 190 countries. In the early 1980s, Europe had numerous coexisting analog mobile phone systems, which were often based on similar standards (e.g., NMT 450), but ran on slightly different carrier frequencies. To avoid this situation for a second generation fully digital system, the groupe spéciale mobile (GSM) was founded in 1982. This system was soon named the global system for mobile communications (GSM), with the specification process lying in the hands of ETSI.
      The primary goal of GSM was to provide a mobile phone system that allows users to roam throughout Europe and provides voice services compatible to ISDN and other PSTN systems. The specification for the initial system already covers more than 5,000 pages; new services, in particular data services, now add even more specification details. GSM standardization aims at adopting as much as possible.

       

      Objectives

       At the end of this chapter students will be able to:

      • Identify the main GSM services and network structure
      • List the components of the GSM network
      • Describe the MS, BSC, MSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, AUC and OSS
      • Define registration, location updating, paging and security
      • Outline the main stages for MOT and MTC

    • Plan:

      First:Study the following file.
    • resource icon
      File
      GSM_Mod_2017 File

    • Second :On completion of the following tutorial you will be able to,identify the main GSM objectives, services and network structure,and list the components of the GSM reference Model, and Describe the MS, BSC , BTS ,MSC  and define registration ,location updating , paging and security .

    • resource icon
      File
      GSM Fundamentals File

    • Third: The following animation will help you to understand the Call setup process, both mobile originated call and mobile terminated call

    • resource icon
      File
      call procedure 5 File

    • Fourth: The following animation about GSM Air Interface

    • resource icon
      File
      GSM Air Interface File
    • Fifth: Please check the following video regarding GSM, how it work then discuss the TDD and FDD concepts and if we have the choice to eliminate one technique which one will it be and Why through Fourm 2 : GSM

    • sixth: After studying the previous topic solve the following Homeworks about Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
    • assign icon
      Assignment
      Assignment # 6: Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
    • Seventh: Discuss forum 5 (Discuss the TDD and FDD concepts and if we have the choice to eliminate one technique which one will it be and Why)
    • forum icon
      Forum
      Forum 5: GSM

    • GSM Authentication 

       

    • assign icon
      Assignment
      HomeWork 1 Assignment

      • In GSM, a 25 MHz frequency band is divided, using a FDMA, into 124 carrier frequencies spaced one from each other by a 200 kHz frequency band. why the GSM standard excluded one carrier 

      • if you can chose to eliminate one duplexing technique which one you will chose FDD or TDD and why 
    • assign icon
      Assignment
      HomeWork 2 Assignment

      Please solve the following questions and upload your answers on Moodel due to 26/4/2020 

    • url icon
      URL
      11/4/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      14/4/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      18/4/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      21/4/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      25/4/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      2/5/2021 URL
    • url icon
      URL
      5/5/2021 URL

  • Second Exam

  • Topic 12

    Project Submission 

  • Topic 13

    General Packet Radio Service(GPRS)

    • Introduction:

      The next step toward more flexible and powerful data transmission avoids the problems of HSCSD by being fully packet-oriented. The general packet radio service (GPRS) provides packet mode transfer for applications that exhibit traffic patterns such as frequent transmission of small volumes (e.g., typical web requests) or infrequent transmissions of small or medium volumes (e.g., typical web responses) according to the requirement specification (ETSI, 1998a). Compared to existing data transfer services, GPRS should use the existing network Resources more efficiently for packet mode applications, and should provide a selection of QoS parameters for the service requesters. GPRS should also allow for broadcast, multicast, and unicast service.The overall goal in this context is the provision of a more efficient and, thus, cheaper packet transfer service for typical internet applications that usually rely solely on packet transfer. Network providers typically support this model by charging on volume and not on connection time as is usual for traditional GSM data services.

       

      Objectives:

      At the end of this chapter students will be able to:

      • Identify the key components of the GPRS network
      • Distinguish between GSM and GPRS
      • Explain the process of attaching a user to GPRS network
      • Explain the process of sending a packet across the GPRS network

    • Plan:

      First:Study the following file.
    • resource icon
      File
      GPRS 6th Chapter File

    • Second:On completing the following tutorial you will be able to, list the processes used for circuit-switched data within GSM. and list the advantages for moving to a packet switched standard and identify the key components of GPRS network .

    • resource icon
      File
      GPRS Fundamentals File
    • Third: After studying the previous topic solve the following Homeworks about  General Packet Radio Service(GPRS)
    • assign icon
      Assignment
      Assignment # 7: General Packet Radio Service(GPRS)
    • Sixth: Discuss the following forum (Do you think that GPRS network is fully optimized IP network)
    • forum icon
      Forum
      Forum 6: IP network

  • Topic 14

    Universel Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

    • Introduction:

      Evolution is one of the most common terms used in the context of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Generally, it is understood to mean technical evolution (i.e., how it has evolved and what kind of equipment and in which order it is brought to the existing network, if any). This is partly true, but, in order to understand the impact of evolution, a broader context needs to be examined. Evolution as a high-level context covers not only the technical evolution of network elements but also expansions to network architecture and services. When these three evolution types go hand in hand the smooth migration from 2G to 3G will be successful and generate revenue.
      Technical evolution means the development path of how network elements will be implemented and with which technology. This is a very straightforward development and strictly follows general, common technology development trends. Because network elements together form a network, in theory the network will evolve accordingly. In this phase one should bear in mind that a network is only as strong as its weakest element and due to the open interfaces defined in the specifications many networks are combinations having equipment provided by many vendors. Technical evolution may proceed, however, at different rates in association with the different vendors’ equipment, and when adapting evolution-type changes between several vendors’ equipment the result may not be as good as expected.
       

      Objectives

       At the end of this chapter students will be able to:

      • Understand the Jump to Packet World and Higher Speeds
      • Identify the key components of the UMTS network
      • Distinguish between GSM, GPRS and UMTS
      • Explain the process of attaching a user to UMTS network
      • Explain the process of sending a packet across the UMTS network
       

    • Plan:

      First:Study the following file.
    • resource icon
      File
      UMTS_New_2017 File

    • Second:Study the following animation tutorials

    • ♦ On Completing the following tutorial you will be able to Define abbreviation , WCDMA and its advantages and Describe the role of 3GPP, 3GPP2 and OHG

    • resource icon
      File
      Fundamentals Review File

    • ♦ On Completing the following tutorial you will be able to List the data rates possible for WCDMA,outline how the spectrum of a WCDMA carrier is limited ,Describe WCDMA frequency allocation and describe the FDD and TDD modes of operation

    • resource icon
      File
      WCDMA Introduction File

    • ♦ On completing the following tutorial you will be able to identify the layers of the radio interface ,outline the function of the physical, data link..... ,describe the different transport channels,Identify the role of the TFI

    • resource icon
      File
      WCDMA Radio Interface File

    • ♦ On completing the following tutorial you will be able to list the uplink physical channels ,Identify the criteria in the design of uplink/downlink physical channels, and outline the role of channel mapping

    • resource icon
      File
      Physical Channel Structure File

    • ♦ Study the following tutorial to complete the chapter studying  .

    • resource icon
      File
      Speading and Modulation. File
    • resource icon
      File
      TDD Mode of Operation File
    • resource icon
      File
      Transport Channel Coding File
    • resource icon
      File
      Cell Search File
    • resource icon
      File
      Random Access File
    • resource icon
      File
      Handover File
    • resource icon
      File
      Performance Enhancement Features File
    • resource icon
      File
      Data Link layer File
    • resource icon
      File
      UMTS File
    • Third: See the following video on Transmit power control then discuss the how can we solve the Near-Far problem in 3G through Fourm3: UMTS 

      • forum icon
        Forum
        Forum 7: UMTS
      • Fourth: See the following video on  3G vs. LTE Network Architecture - SixtySec S then discuss the how can we solve the Near-Far problem in 3G through Fourm 4: UMTS 

      • forum icon
        Forum
        Forum 8: UMTS

      • Fifth: After studying the previous topic solve the following Homeworks about Universel Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

      • assign icon
        Assignment
        Assignment # 8: Universel Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

    • Final Exam

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